/ December 2011; 6 years ago ( 2011-12),,,.c,.h Major K&R,,,,,,,,,, Influenced by (, ),,,, Influenced:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (HDL) • at Wikibooks C (, as in the ) is a, computer, supporting, and, while a prevents many unintended operations. By design, C provides constructs that map efficiently to typical, and therefore it has found lasting use in applications that had formerly been coded in, including, as well as various for computers ranging from to. C was originally developed by between 1969 and 1973 at, and used to re-implement the operating system. It has since become one of the of all time, with C from various vendors available for the majority of existing and operating systems. C has been standardized by the (ANSI) since 1989 (see ) and subsequently by the (ISO). C is an language.

It was designed to be compiled using a relatively straightforward, to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, and to require minimal. Despite its low-level capabilities, the language was designed to encourage programming.

Citigroup Inc. Stock price, stock quotes and financial overviews from MarketWatch. The C programming language is a popular and widely used programming language for creating computer programs. Programmers around the world embrace C because it gives. Cashflow 101 Y 202 Download Yahoo. C definition, the third letter of the English alphabet, a consonant. Maya Doll And Stuff For Poser Daz3d Torrent.

A standards-compliant and written C program can be compiled for a very wide variety of computer platforms and operating systems with few changes to its source code. The language has become available on a very wide range of platforms, from embedded to. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Overview [ ] Like most imperative languages in the tradition, C has facilities for and allows and recursion, while a static prevents many unintended operations.

In C, all is contained within, which are called 'functions' (although not in the strict sense of ). Are always passed by value. Pass-by-reference is simulated in C by explicitly passing values. C program source text is, using the as a terminator and for grouping.

The C language also exhibits the following characteristics: • There is a small, fixed number of keywords, including a full set of primitives:,,,, and. User-defined names are not distinguished from keywords by any kind of. • There are a large number of arithmetical and logical operators, such as +, +=, ++, &, ~, etc. • More than one may be performed in a single statement. • Function return values can be ignored when not needed.

• Typing is, but: all data has a type, but implicit conversions may be performed. • mimics usage context. C has no 'define' keyword; instead, a statement beginning with the name of a type is taken as a declaration.

There is no 'function' keyword; instead, a function is indicated by the parentheses of an argument list. • User-defined ( typedef) and compound types are possible. • Heterogeneous aggregate data types ( ) allow related data elements to be accessed and assigned as a unit. • indexing is a secondary notation, defined in terms of pointer arithmetic. Unlike structs, arrays are not first-class objects; they cannot be assigned or compared using single built-in operators.

There is no 'array' keyword, in use or definition; instead, square brackets indicate arrays syntactically, for example month[11]. • are possible with the enum keyword. They are not tagged, and are freely interconvertible with integers. • are not a separate data type, but are conventionally as arrays of characters.

• Low-level access to is possible by converting machine addresses to typed. • (subroutines not returning values) are a special case of function, with an untyped return type void. • Functions may not be defined within the lexical scope of other functions. • Function and data pointers permit ad hoc. • A performs definition, file inclusion, and.

• There is a basic form of: files can be compiled separately and together, with control over which functions and data objects are visible to other files via and extern attributes. • Complex functionality such as, manipulation, and mathematical functions are consistently delegated to.